Zoofolkloristics: Imagination as a Critical Component.

Nonhuman animal protagonists of folklore texts in the European space have tended to be perceived primarily as performing a symbolic and metaphoric function. But behind the symbols and the metaphors hide real flesh-and-blood nonhuman animals, and flesh-and-blood humans interacting with them, mostly from a position of power. The emerging discipline of zoofolkloristics considers nonhuman animals in their own right. Through critical analysis of folklore material, zoofolkloristics examines the role of animals and power relations within the interspecies entanglement with the aim of deconstructing the oppressive system and establishing multispecies justice. We begin this paper with a brief reflection on the 'historical animal' as an embodied being and a human construct. We then perform a critical re-reading of three animal-related folklore texts from the Slovenian tradition and, applying Hubert Zapf's concept of imaginative counter-discourse, consider the potential of imagination as a methodological tool in the transformative program of zoofolkloristics. Implications for animal ethics, liberation, and conservation are also discussed.

Latin American Forensic Odontology: A Scoping Review of its Current Research and the Objective/Subjective Nature of its Studies

SUMMARY: The new paradigm in Forensic Sciences initiated by the entry of genetics (the current standard of legal evidence) and accentuated by recognized wrongful convictions derived from experts today in the eye of criticism, has highlighted the potential for bias and error in forensic disciplines when they depend on human interpretation and subjectivity, which has not been avoided by Forensic Odontology (FO). However, a subjective judgment is not necessarily wrong, so the refinement of processes, the development of standards, and robust research can contribute to the validity of interpretation to increase objectivity. Latin America (LATAM) has its own realities and needs, which have conditioned the priorities and objectives of FO research. A scoping review is presented to systematically map the investigation of LATAM researchers and identify the objective or subjective nature of their assessments. LATAM shows interesting productivity and intentions to adhere to international standards, with Brazil leading this research significantly, followed by Chile and Colombia, among others. However, there is a disproportionate approach in certain lines of research (dental age estimation), and needs to address other quantitative studies, and to improve the visibility of the LATAM FO research.

El nuevo paradigma en ciencias forenses iniciado por la entrada de la genética (el actual estándar de la evidencia jurídica), y acentuado por reconocidas condenas injustas derivadas de pericias hoy en el ojo de la crítica, ha destacado el potencial de sesgo y error que poseen algunas disciplinas forenses cuando dependen de la interpretación humana y la subjetividad, lo cual no ha sido ajeno a la odontología forense (OF). Sin embargo, un juicio subjetivo no necesariamente es erróneo, con lo que el refinamiento de procesos, el desarrollo de estándares y la investigación robusta pueden contribuir a validar esa interpretación para aumentar su objetividad. Latinoamérica (LATAM) posee realidades y necesidades propias que han condicionado las prioridades y objetivos de la investigación en OF. Se presenta una revisión con búsqueda sistemática para mapear sistemáticamente la investigación en OF realizada por investigadores latinoamericanos, así como identificar la naturaleza objetiva o subjetiva de sus evaluaciones. LATAM demuestra una productividad interesante e intenciones de adherirse a estándares internacionales, con Brasil liderando significativamente esta investigación, seguido por Chile y Colombia entre otros. Sin embargo, se observa un enfoque desproporcionado en ciertas líneas de investigación (estimación de edad dental particularmente), y necesidad tanto de abordar otros estudios cuantitativos como de mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación latinoamericana en OF.

Subjectivity study on health conservation of elderly hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Health conservation enables elderly hemodialysis patients to maintain a positive state of well-being while undergoing treatment and maintenance of disease. This study was to identify the type of perceptions on health conservation of elderly hemodialysis patients and compare the characteristics of perceptions. METHODS: This study used an exploratory study design applying Q methodology, which is designed to research subjectivity. The study determined a population of subjective statements, the concourse, based on the preceding literature and interviews with twenty-five elderly patients over 65 years of age with hemodialysis. We chose a total of 50 statements considered to be representative of the concourse for the Q-sample. The study selected 50 elderly patients over 65 years of age with hemodialysis as the P-set. The participants provided their internal viewpoints by sorting the Q-sample items into a grid. The researchers performed an analysis using PC-QUANL program. Data were collected from June to November, 2019. RESULTS: Type I, 'support system-based effort' focused on one's own effort, positive and proactive attitude, family support, medical instructions, information, and medications. Type II, 'skeptical life maintaining' expressed a pessimistic future without hope, strongly negative perception on preserving health, and thus minimal effort and motivation to continue life. Type III, 'treatment process interest' is based on an interest in the hemodialysis process; for them, it is important to follow medical staff's instructions, take regular medications precisely, pay attention to the results of regular monthly blood tests, and control their health. Type IV, 'positive effort' accepts hemodialysis positively, lives with hemodialysis, and carries out all daily life activities. CONCLUSION: In nursing practice, nurses need to pay attention to the perceptions on health conservation of elderly hemodialysis patients. This study can be implied as the evidence of nursing practice based on the perception on health conservation of elderly hemodialysis patients.

Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, psychedelic methodologies, and the impregnable value of the subjective-a new and evolving approach.

Psychiatry is in a growth phase in which several psychedelic medicines have entered its arena with great promise. Of these, presently, ketamine is the only medicine that may be legally prescribed. We hypothesize that at subanesthetic doses, ketamine produces a unique spectrum of altered states, ranging from psychoactive to deep ego-dissolving experiences, that are intrinsic to ketamine's therapeutic effects. When these experiences are embedded in a therapeutic relationship-a setting-that fosters an amplification of the recipient's subjective consciousness, personal growth, inner healing, greater clarity, and better relationships may well ensue. While much of the literature on ketamine labels its dissociative effects as 'side effects', alteration of consciousness is a component and unavoidable 'effect' of its therapeutic impact. From its inception in the clinical trials of the 1960s, ketamine was recognized for producing dissociative, psychedelic effects on consciousness in subjects as they emerged from ketamine-induced anesthesia. Unanticipated and unintegrated, these experiences of 'emergence phenomena' were felt to be disturbing. Accordingly, such experiences have been typically labeled as dissociative side effects. However, in a conducive set and settings, these experiences have been demonstrated to be of positive use in psychiatry and psychotherapy, providing a time-out from usual states of mind to facilitate a reshaping of self-experience along with symptomatic relief. In this way, ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) offers a new potential in psychiatry and psychotherapy that is powerfully valanced toward recognizing experience, individuality, and imagination. Essential to a successful therapeutic experience and outcome with KAP is close attention to the subjective experience, its expression by the recipient and integration of the ketamine experience as a healing opportunity.

Poststructuralism and the construction of subjectivities in forensic mental health: Opportunities for resistance.

Nurses working in correctional and forensic mental health settings face unique challenges in the provision of care to patients within custodial settings. The subjectivities of both patients and nurses are subject to the power relations, discourses and abjection encountered within these practice milieus. Using a poststructuralist approach using the work of Foucault, Kristeva, and Deleuze and Guattari, this paper explores how both patient and nurse subjectivities are produced within the carceral logic of this apparatus of capture. Recognizing that subjectivities are fluid and dynamic, and capable of change, Deleuze and Guattari's concept of deterritorialization will illustrate opportunities for resistance, where nurses can begin to practice outside the dominant carceral logic (and restrictions) of the system.

Viktor von Weizsäcker's Gestaltkreis Theory. The Dynamic and Subjective Relationship of Perception and Movement.

The paper presents Victor von Weizsäcker's theory of Gestaltkreis (i.e. 'circle of form'), which offers an original theoretical contribution. It is rich of fruitful stimuli for understanding the relationship of the living organism with its environment, recognizing a dynamic unity between perception and the movement. The paper first provides some biographical, scientific and clinical professional life elements of Viktor von Weizsäcker, then it presents the dynamic theory of Gestaltkreis with its principles and key elements, and finally discusses the epistemological and methodological implications. Von Weizsäcker's Gestaltkreis theory - systematically published in 1939 - represents the effort of a theoretical synthesis of the experiments conducted in the field of neurology, of studies of perception and voluntary movement. It is based on the complementary and simultaneous unity of perception and movement, and it establishes a substantial contribution against the mechanism of physiology, by overcoming the notion of automatic reflex. Such a theory consolidates von Weizsäcker's systematic commitment to his epistemological, methodological and ethical project for the 'introduction of the subject in the biological sciences'.

A brief history of artificial intelligence embryo selection: from black-box to glass-box.

With the exponential growth of computing power and accumulation of embryo image data in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) is starting to be utilized in embryo selection in IVF. Amongst different AI technologies, machine learning (ML) has the potential to reduce operator-related subjectivity in embryo selection while saving labor time on this task. However, as modern deep learning (DL) techniques, a subcategory of ML, are increasingly used, its integrated black-box attracts growing concern owing to the well-recognized issues regarding lack of interpretability. Currently, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials to confirm the effectiveness of such black-box models. Recently, emerging evidence has shown underperformance of black-box models compared to the more interpretable traditional ML models in embryo selection. Meanwhile, glass-box AI, such as interpretable ML, is being increasingly promoted across a wide range of fields and is supported by its ethical advantages and technical feasibility. In this review, we propose a novel classification system for traditional and AI-driven systems from an embryology standpoint, defining different morphology-based selection approaches with an emphasis on subjectivity, explainability, and interpretability.

How Does Sexual Subjectivity Vary on the Basis of Gender and Sexual Orientation? Validation of the Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (SSSI-11) in Cisgender, Heterosexual and Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents.

Through sexual exploration, adolescents learn that they are sexual beings with choices, desires, and are deserving of pleasure, which corresponds to sexual subjectivity. However, the two measures of this construct (i.e., Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory and Male Sexual Subjectivity Inventory) have not been validated with younger adolescents and have different items for boys and girls (with no scale available for gender diverse individuals), limiting gender comparisons. This study examined (1) the factor structure of the adapted Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory-11 items (SSSI-11) in a large sample of young cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents, (2) measurement invariance across language (English and French), gender, and sexual orientation, (3) validity with sexuality-related outcomes, and (4) one-year temporal stability. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis among 2001 adolescents (Mage = 15.5 years, SD = 0.60) revealed a multidimensional factor structure. The SSSI-11, in both English and French, showed adequate reliability and one-year temporal stability, and was invariant across genders, sexual orientations, and languages. Girls had lower scores on the entitlement to self-pleasure and self-efficacy in achieving pleasure factors, and higher scores on the entitlement to pleasure from a partner factor. No significant differences were observed on the basis of language or between heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents. The SSSI-11 correlated positively with sexuality-related variables. Findings support the strong psychometric properties of the SSSI-11, rendering it of considerable use in clinical, education, and research applications.

[German version of the Northoff scale for subjective experience in catatonia (NSSC-dv) : A validated instrument for examination of the subjective experience in catatonia]. / Deutsche Version der Northoff Skala für subjektives Erleben bei Katatonie (NSSC-dv) : Ein validiertes Messinstrument zur Erfassung des subjektiven Erlebens bei Katatonie.

Patients with catatonia often show serious motor, affective and behavioral symptoms, behind which the subjective experience often remains hidden. Therefore, this study disseminates our own systematic empirical investigation of the subjective experience of catatonia patients to a German-speaking audience of clinicians and researchers. Based on current evidence and the clinical experience of the authors, the self-report questionnaire Northoff Scale for Subjective Experience in Catatonia (NSSC) was modified, extended and validated and now consists of 26 items capturing the subjective experience of catatonia in its clinical diversity. A total of 46 patients with catatonia according to the International Classification of Diseases (11th revision, ICD-11) were asked about their subjective experience during the acute phase of the disease using the NSSC. The NSSC showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91). The NSSC total score was significantly associated with the Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS; r = 0.46; p < 0.05), the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; r = 0.30; p < 0.05), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; r = 0.33; p < 0.05), and Trait Anxiety (STAI; r = 0.64; p < 0.01), supporting its validity. Preliminary validation of the NSSC revealed good psychometric properties. The NSSC is a useful instrument for routine clinical use to assess the subjective experience of patients with catatonia in order to provide tailored psychotherapeutic interventions.

Stories of Hope: Young People's Personal Narratives About ADHD Put Into Context of Positive Aspects.

There is a growing acceptance that ADHD is a multi-dimensional disorder in which not all symptoms are associated with deficits or functional impairments. This article contributes to research on the positive aspects of the diagnosis, specifically understanding the positive aspects of living with ADHD. The empirical data was based on individual interviews and self-narratives of 10 young adults with ADHD. Narrative analysis was implemented when investigating their stories. The findings showed that challenges with the diagnosis were not necessarily stably occupied, and for some, the diagnosis was thought of as a benefit and something they would not have been without. Four stories highlighted particularly the context of positive aspects: (1) insight and strategies, (2) targeted efforts, (3) balanced energy, and (4) social skills. These aspects were correlated to both the individual's strengths as well as the strengths and support that could be related to their societal and cultural environment.

Tecnologia e inovação na formação profissional: uma análise crítica / Tecnología e innovación en la formación profesional: un análisis crítico / Technology and innovation in professional education: a critical analysis

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar os efeitos psicossociais que as áreas de tecnologia e inovação ganharam na atualidade bem como seus impactos na formação profissional. Para tanto, a pesquisa conta com um breve resgate histórico no qual apresentamos como os elementos da inovação tecnológica produzem efeitos locais e históricos que se tornam norteadores da vida urbana contemporânea. A parte empírica apresenta um estudo qualitativo descritivo que conta com depoimentos de cinco docentes engenheiros que atuam em uma universidade pública federal localizada no interior do estado do Paraná. Os resultados demonstram que essa área é conectada às prescrições voltadas ao desempenho laboral e ao enaltecimento do uso da tecnologia no cotidiano. Com isso, ela fica distante de uma análise crítica sobre os efeitos psicossociais trazidos por tais aplicações, especialmente no que se refere à colocação profissional. Como conclusão parcial, destaca-se que as práticas voltadas para a tecnologia e a inovação atendem a demandas populacionais, empresariais e governamentais de diferentes tipos, reafirmando sua importância para a organização social. Ao mesmo tempo, tornou-se evidente o quanto a área carece de uma análise crítica acerca de suas ações na esfera da inclusão e exclusão sociais.

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar los efectos psicosociales que las áreas de tecnología e innovación ganaron en la actualidad, así como sus impactos en la formación profesional. Para tanto, la investigación cuenta con un breve rescate histórico en el cual presentamos como los elementos de la innovación tecnológica producen efectos locales e históricos que se vuelvan orientadores de la vida urbana contemporánea. La parte empírica presenta un estudio cualitativo descriptivo que cuenta con testimonios de cinco docentes ingenieros que actúan en una universidad pública federal localizada en el interior del estado de Paraná. Los resultados apuntan que esa área es conectada a las prescripciones volcadas al desempeño laboral y al reconocimiento del uso de la tecnología en el cotidiano. Con eso, ella se queda distante de un análisis crítico sobre los efectos psicosociales traídos por tales aplicaciones, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la colocación profesional. Como conclusión parcial, se pone de relieve que las prácticas volcadas a la tecnología y la innovación atenden a las demandas de populaciones, empresariales y gubernamentales de distintos tipos, reafirmando su importancia para a organización social. A la vez, se volvió evidente lo cuanto el área necesita de un análisis crítico acerca de sus acciones en la esfera de la inclusión y exclusión sociales.

This study aims to analyze the psychosocial effects gained by technology and innovation areas nowadays, as well as their impacts on professional education. To this end, this research includes a brief historical overview in which we present how elements of technological innovation produce local and historical effects that guide contemporary urban life. The empirical section presents a descriptive qualitative study that includes statements from five engineering professors who work at a public university located in the interior of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The results indicate that engineering is connected to prescriptions focused on work performance and the endorsement of technology use in daily life. Thus, it remains distant from a critical analysis of the psychosocial effects brought about by technological innovations, particularly concerning job placement. As a partial conclusion, we highlight that practices related to technology and innovation meet the demands of different types of populations, companies, and governments, reinforcing their relevance for social organization. At the same time, it is evident that the area lacks a critical analysis regarding its actions in the sphere of social inclusion and exclusion.

Subjetividades de médicas y médicos en su encuentro con víctimas de violencia sexual en hospitales universitarios de Medellín, Antioquia, 2021-2022 / Subjectivities of female and male physicians in attending victims of sexual violence in university hospitals in Medellín, Antioquia 2021-2022

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender la expresión de las subjetividades de médicas(os) en su encuentro con víctimas de violencia sexual en urgencias hospitalarias. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, diseño de caso colectivo, con enfoque etnográfico, con la elaboración de un diario de campo, dos itinerarios institucionales, dos entrevistas a coordinadoras, diez entrevistas en profundidad a médicas(os) y un encuentro reflexivo. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro momentos en el recorrido de la víctima, y en ellos emergieron expresiones subjetivas que se agruparon en formas de reconocimiento y mecanismos. Se incorporaron el campo médico en el subcampo medicina moderna en sus habitus, sus prácticas clínicas vulneraron a las víctimas de violencia sexual. Por el contrario, si se apartaron de las lógicas que impuso el campo médico, sus prácticas se tradujeron en un cuidado comprensivo. Discusión: El no reconocimiento conduce a la imposibilidad del ejercicio de la ciudadanía de la salud; sus mecanismos parten de procesos de socialización desde sus constructos sociohistóricos que se ven reforzados por el modelo médico hegemónico y el campo médico generando tensión entre las lógicas prácticas de médicas(os) y las necesidades de las víctimas. Sin embargo, se observa una fractura de dicho modelo como una posibilidad de transformación hacia un cuidado comprensivo.

Abstract Objective: To understand how physician's subjectivity is expressed while attending to victims of sexual violence at emergencies. Methodology: Qualitative research, a collective case design with an ethnographic approach, via the elaboration of a field journal, two institutional itineraries, 12 in-depth interviews to leaders and doctors and one workshop. Results: There were four moments identified on victim's itinerary at emergencies services, in each moment emerged subjectivity's expressions, that could be organized on forms of subjectivity and their mechanisms within. If the physicians embodied the modern medicine, a subfield of medicine, into their habitus, their practices tend toward the revictimization of their patients. In the other hand, if doctors do not embody such practices and assume a critical posture about it, they tend toward a comprehensive care. Discussion: The non-recognition of such practices leads to the impossibility of exercising health citizenship, its mechanisms are a result of socialization processes from sociohistorical constructs that are reinforced by hegemonic medical model and the medical field., generating tension between practical logics of physicians and the needs of the victims. However, a fracture of this model is observed as a possibility of transformation toward comprehensive care.

Medicalização da subjetividade e fetichismo psicofármaco: uma análise dos fundamentos / Medicalization of subjectivity and psychotropic drugs fetishism: an analysis of the fundamentals

Resumo Este trabalho trata dos fundamentos da epidemia das drogas psiquiátricas e tem por objetivo analisar a medicalização da subjetividade e o fetichismo dos psicofármacos em suas bases fundamentais. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica à luz da análise do discurso inaugurada por Michel Pêcheux, a partir da qual se apresenta um gesto de interpretação, possibilitando identificar a epidemia das drogas psiquiátricas como expressão da medicalização da vida. Com base na crítica dos fundamentos da forma capitalista de consumo e da prescrição dos psicofármacos, esta análise demonstrou como o modelo de metabolismo social do capital impõe aos sujeitos uma terapêutica fetichizada. Espera-se contribuir com práticas que lutam pelo legado do movimento antimanicomial e, com isso, somar aos esforços dos sujeitos envolvidos na produção de práticas terapêuticas efetivamente humanizadas e críticas.

Abstract This study deals with the foundations of the psychiatric drug epidemic, aiming to analyze the medicalization of subjectivity and the fetishism of psychotropic drugs in their fundamental bases. It is a theorical reflection in the light of discourse analysis inaugurated by Michel Pêcheux, from which it presents a gesture of interpretation, allowing the identification of the psychiatric drug epidemic as an expression of the medicalization of life. Based on the critique of the foundations of the capitalist form of consumption and prescription of psychotropic drugs, this analysis demonstrated how the social metabolism model of capital imposes a fetishized therapy on the subjects. We hope to contribute to the practices of those who fight for the legacy of the anti-asylum movement and thus add to the efforts of the subjects involved in the production of effectively humanized and critical practices.

La psicopatología como estabilizador de la psiquiatría / Psychopathology as a Stabilizer of Psychiatry

La forma de construir la experiencia psiquiátrica y determinarla se ha llevado a cabo a partir de posiciones naturalistas y psicologistas que siguen siendo las dominantes después de casi doscientos años. Sin embargo, el hecho de asimilar el conocimiento psiquiátrico a una mera ciencia empírico-analítica no ha deparado más que inestabilidad, algo que queda a la vista de forma contundente a lo largo de la historia y de la insuficiencia discriminante de la clínica actual. Se requiere considerar las implicaciones filosóficas que supone el abordaje de ese campo empírico abierto donde la subjetividad no puede ser segregada y se articula sobre una ontología pluralista y discontinua. Se postula que solo la psicopatología, en su ejercicio como procedimiento a la vez lógico e intelectivo, permi-te relacionar los distintos planos de realidad en que se desenvuelve y tratar de cerrar su campo para dotar a la psiquiatría de la necesaria estabilidad requerida de cara a su praxis clínica. (AU)

The way of constructing psychiatric experience and determining it has been carried out on the basis of naturalistic and psychologistic positions, which are still the do-minant ones after almost two hundred years. However, the fact of assimilating psychiatric knowledge to a mere empirical-analytical science has brought nothing but instability, so-mething that is forcefully evident throughout history and the discriminating insufficiency of the current clinical practice. It is necessary to consider the philosophical implications of approaching this open empirical field where subjectivity cannot be segregated and is articulated on a pluralistic and discontinuous ontology. It is postulated that only psycho-pathology, in its exercise as a procedure both logical and intellectual, allows to relate the different planes of reality in which it develops and to try to close its field in order to provide psychiatry with the necessary stability required for its clinical praxis. (AU)

Neopentecostalismo, teología de la prosperidad y neoliberalismo. Hacia una lógica religiosa para el Homo oeconoimicus

El presente escrito tiene por objetivo demostrar que la relación entre la teología de la prosperidad, que se toma aquí específicamente en su expresión neopentecostal, y el neoliberalismo, entendido desde su dimensión de fuerza productora de subjetividad, se ha fortalecido dentro del actual marco de reproducción sistémica del capitalismo. Para esto se divide el escrito en tres partes: la primera, que se encarga de exponer conceptualmente el neopentecostalismo; la segunda, donde se expone la teología de la prosperidad; y, por último, aquella que trabaja la manera en que el fenómeno religioso neopentecostal, como ejemplo de fe de la prosperidad, se vincula con el neoliberalismo. De este modo, y a partir del método documental-bibliográfico, se puede evidenciar cómo es que el actual viraje del capitalismo se dirige hacia ciertas prácticas y discursos religiosos, de modo que pueda capturarlos y volverlos a su favor, ya que dichas prácticas y discursos permiten, entre otras cosas, una alternativa para curar, momentáneamente, el sufrimiento subjetivo que padece el Homo oeconomicus por vivir como manda el sistema.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relationship theology of prosperity, which is specifically taken in its neo-Pentecostal expression, and neoliberalism as necessary within the current framework of systemic reproduction of capitalism. For this, the writing is divided into three parts: the first, which is responsible for conceptually exposing neo-Pentecostalism; the second, where the theology of prosperity is exposed; and, finally, the one that works on the way in which the neo-Pentecostal religious phenomenon, as an example of faith in prosperity, is linked to neoliberalism. In this way, it can be evidenced how the current turn of capitalism is directed towards religion, so that it can capture it and turn it in its favor, since it allows an alternative to cure, momentarily, the subjective suffering of Homo oeconomicus that inhabits within the system that he himself produced.

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que a relação entre a teologia da prosperidade, específicamente tomada em sua expressão neopentecostal, e o neoliberalismo, entendido a partir de sua dimensão de força produtora de subjetividade, tem se fortalecido no atual quadro de reprodução do capitalismo. Para isso, o escrito está dividido em três partes: a primeira, que se encarrega de expor conceitualmente o neopentecostalismo; a segunda, onde é exposta a teologia da prosperidade; e, por fim, a que trabalha a maneira como o fenômeno religioso neopentecostal, como exemplo de fé na prosperidade, se vincula ao neoliberalismo. Desta forma, e a partir do método bibliográfico-documental, pode-se evidenciar como a atual virada do capitalismo está voltada para a religião, de modo que possa capturá-la e transformá-la a seu favor, pois permite uma alternativa para curar, momentaneamente, o sofrimento subjetivo sofrido pelo homo oeconomicus por viver como manda o sistema.

A Superfície da Raça: Topologia e Identificações Raciais Brasileiras / The Surface of Race: Topology and Brazilian Racial Identifications / La Superficie de la Raza: Topología e las Identificaciones Raciales Brasileñas

Neste artigo, são percorridas algumas indicações feitas por Jacques Lacan sobre a função da superfície e da importância do traço para pensar topologicamente a identificação. Em seguida, a direção dada pelo autor para pensarmos a identificação - especialmente acerca da importância da superfície e da nomeação pelo Outro - é articulada com questões que têm sido discutidas no âmbito das relações raciais no Brasil, trazendo as contribuições de autores do campo das relações raciais como Stuart Hall, Frantz Fanon e Lélia Gonzalez. Situando o campo discursivo sobre as identidades raciais em um contexto nacional marcado, desde a primeira metade do século XX até os dias atuais, pela proposição e pela manutenção do mito da democracia racial por parte considerável da intelectualidade brasileira (branca), são recuperadas questões presentes no trabalho de Lacan para pensar como as identificações são atravessadas pela raça hoje, bem como para indagar discursos que têm desqualificado tais debates nos campos políticos e teóricos. Nas considerações finais, são apontadas algumas implicações dessa discussão para o exercício da clínica psicanalítica.

This article explores specific insights provided by Jacques Lacan regarding the role of surface and the relevance of trace in a topological understanding of identification. Subsequently, the study aligns Lacan's perspective on identification - particularly emphasizing the importance of surface and the Other's act of naming - with pertinent issues to Brazil's racial dynamics. It embodies insights from race relations' scholars such as Stuart Hall, Frantz Fanon, and Lélia Gonzalez. Placing the discourse on racial identities within the national context of Brazil, which has been shaped by the persistent myth of racial democracy propagated by a significant portion of the white Brazilian intellectual sphere from the mid-20th century to the present, this article retrieves Lacanian concepts to realize how contemporary identifications intersect with race. It also investigates discourses that have marginalized these discussions in both political and theoretical realms. In its final considerations, the article underscores the implications of this discourse for psychoanalytic clinical practice.

En este artículo se exploran algunas indicaciones hechas por Jacques Lacan sobre la función de la superficie y la importancia de la traza para abordar topológicamente la identificación. Luego, se conecta la dirección proporcionada por el autor para reflexionar sobre la identificación, especialmente en relación con la importancia de la superficie y la nominación por el Otro, con cuestiones que han sido discutidas en el ámbito de las relaciones raciales en Brasil, incorporando las contribuciones de autores en el campo de las relaciones raciales como Stuart Hall, Frantz Fanon y Lélia Gonzalez. Al situar el campo discursivo sobre las identidades raciales en un contexto nacional marcado desde la primera mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad por la proposición y el mantenimiento del mito de la democracia racial por una parte significativa de la intelectualidad brasileña (blanca), se retoman aspectos presentes en el trabajo de Lacan para analizar cómo las identificaciones son atravesadas por la raza en la actualidad, así como para investigar discursos que han descalificado tales debates en los ámbitos político y teórico. En las consideraciones finales, se señalan algunas implicaciones de esta discusión para el ejercicio de la clínica psicoanalítica.

Thyroid Nodule Detection and Region Estimation in Ultrasound Images: A Comparison between Physicians and an Automated Decision Support System Approach.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules are very common. In most cases, they are benign, but they can be malignant in a low percentage of cases. The accurate assessment of these nodules is critical to choosing the next diagnostic steps and potential treatment. Ultrasound (US) imaging, the primary modality for assessing these nodules, can lack objectivity due to varying expertise among physicians. This leads to observer variability, potentially affecting patient outcomes. PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the potential of a Decision Support System (DSS) in reducing these variabilities for thyroid nodule detection and region estimation using US images, particularly in lesser experienced physicians. METHODS: Three physicians with varying levels of experience evaluated thyroid nodules on US images, focusing on nodule detection and estimating cystic and solid regions. The outcomes were compared to those obtained from a DSS for comparison. Metrics such as classification match percentage and variance percentage were used to quantify differences. RESULTS: Notable disparities exist between physician evaluations and the DSS assessments: the overall classification match percentage was just 19.2%. Individually, Physicians 1, 2, and 3 had match percentages of 57.6%, 42.3%, and 46.1% with the DSS, respectively. Variances in assessments highlight the subjectivity and observer variability based on physician experience levels. CONCLUSIONS: The evident variability among physician evaluations underscores the need for supplementary decision-making tools. Given its consistency, the CAD offers potential as a reliable "second opinion" tool, minimizing human-induced variabilities in the critical diagnostic process of thyroid nodules using US images. Future integration of such systems could bolster diagnostic precision and improve patient outcomes.

Efeitos subjetivos do racismo e cuidado: vivências e memórias de mulheres negras / Subjective effects of racism and care: lives and memories of black women

Resumo Compreendendo que o racismo integra a realidade brasileira constituindo um determinante social do processo saúde-doença, este artigo procura refletir acerca dos efeitos do racismo na subjetividade e sobre o cuidado ofertado às mulheres negras. As reflexões derivam de uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando o método biográfico, em que mulheres negras narraram suas vidas e suas experiências com o racismo. As narrativas visibilizam os efeitos negativos das vivências sistemáticas do racismo estrutural nas imagens sobre si das mulheres ouvidas e a falta e/ou pouca efetivação das políticas públicas existentes de saúde integral para transformar o status quo.

Abstract Understanding racism as an integral part of Brazilian reality, constituting a social determinant of the health-disease process, this article seeks to reflect on the impacts of racism on subjectivity and contemplate the health care offered to black women. The reflections derive from a qualitative study using the biographical method, in which black women provided a narrative of their lives and experiences with racism. The narratives give visibility to the negative effects of living systematically under structural racism in the self-images of the interviewed women, as well as the lack of and/or poor effectiveness of public policies of integral health care to transform the status quo.

A latent scale model to minimize subjectivity in the analysis of visual rating data for the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program.

Introduction: Traditional evaluation procedure in National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) relies on visually assessing replicated turf plots at multiple testing locations. This process yields ordinal data; however, statistical models that falsely assume these to be interval or ratio data have almost exclusively been applied in the subsequent analysis. This practice raises concerns about procedural subjectivity, preventing objective comparisons of cultivars across different test locations. It may also lead to serious errors, such as increased false alarms, failures to detect effects, and even inversions of differences among groups. Methods: We reviewed this problem, identified sources of subjectivity, and presented a model-based approach to minimize subjectivity, allowing objective comparisons of cultivars across different locations and better monitoring of the evaluation procedure. We demonstrate how to fit the described model in a Bayesian framework with Stan, using datasets on overall turf quality ratings from the 2017 NTEP Kentucky bluegrass trials at seven testing locations. Results: Compared with the existing method, ours allows the estimation of additional parameters, i.e., category thresholds, rating severity, and within-field spatial variations, and provides better separation of cultivar means and more realistic standard deviations. Discussion: To implement the proposed model, additional information on rater identification, trial layout, rating date is needed. Given the model assumptions, we recommend small trials to reduce rater fatigue. For large trials, ratings can be conducted for each replication on multiple occasions instead of all at once. To minimize subjectivity, multiple raters are required. We also proposed new ideas on temporal analysis, incorporating existing knowledge of turfgrass.

Intricacies of Relational Intimacy: Approaching the Invasive Edge with a Schizoid Patient.

In hopes of contributing to the developing self-critique of relational analysis, I offer a case that illustrates a modified approach, one informed by current dialogue. The patient described had considerable unmet selfobject needs and a schizoid sensitivity to intrusion, engendering the question explored: How do two minds meet if one is largely relationally dissociated and acutely vulnerable when integrated? A premature emphasis on intersubjectivity would have obscured the patient's narcissistic needs and reinforced her tendency to retreat. Suspending the goal of intersubjectivity allowed for a regressive process to occur, and for contact to become safe before analyst and patient paved the way for future mutual relatedness.